Preface -- I. Basic concepts -- 1. Science, politics, and ethics -- Discussion: global climate change -- Introduction: why philosophy? -- Science and ethics -- Philosophy, politics, and ethical relativism -- Environmental ethics: an overview -- Summary -- Notes -- Discussion questions -- Global Environmental Ethics Watch -- 2. Ethical theories and the environment -- Discussion: Why protect endangered species? -- Introduction -- Philosophical ethics: getting comfortable with the topic -- The natural law tradition -- teleology and virtues -- Contemporary perspectives on teleology -- The utilitarian tradition -- Contemporary perspectives on utilitarianism -- Deontology: an ethics of duty and rights -- Contemporary perspectives on deontological ethics -- Environmental ethics and religious principles -- The good of God's creation -- Finding the divine in nature -- The ultimate respect for value of life -- Social justice ministries -- Stewardship -- Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- Discussion questions -- Global Environmental Ethics Watch -- II. Environmental ethics as applied ethics -- 3. Ethics and economics: managing public lands -- Discussion: BP's deepwater horizon spill -- Introduction -- Conservation or preservation? -- Managing the national forests -- Pollution and economics -- Ethical issues in economic analysis -- Cost-benefit analysis -- Ethical analysis and environmental economics -- Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- Discussion questions -- Global Environmental Ethics Watch -- 4. Sustainability and responsibilities to the future -- Discussion: fad or future? -- Introduction -- Do we have responsibilities to future generations? -- What do we owe future generations? -- Consumption and sustainable development -- Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- Discussion questions -- Global Environmental Ethics Watch -- 5. Responsibilities to the natural world: from anthropocentric to nonanthropocentric ethics -- Discussion: industrial farming: mass producing animals as food -- Introduction -- Moral standing in the western tradition -- Early environmental ethics -- Moral standing -- Do trees have standing? -- Peter Singer and the Animal Liberation Movement -- Tom Regan and animal rights -- Ethical implications of animal welfare -- Critical challenges -- Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- Discussion questions -- Global Environmental Watch -- III. Theories of environmental ethics -- 6. Biocentric ethics and the inherent value of life -- Discussion: synthetic biology and the value of life -- Introduction -- Instrumental value and intrinsic value -- Biocentric ethics and the reverence for life -- Ethics and character -- Taylor's biocentric ethics -- Practical implications -- Challenges and developments -- Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- Discussion questions -- Global Ennvironmental Watch -- 7. Wilderness, ecology, and ethics -- Discussion: Wilderness management: fighting fires in Yellowstone -- Introduction -- The wilderness ideal -- The wilderness "myth": the contemporary debate -- From ecology to philosophy -- From ecology to ethics -- Varieties of holism -- Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- Discussion questions -- Global Environmental Ethics Watch -- 8. The land ethic -- Discussion: hunting, ethics, and the environment -- Introduction -- The land ethic -- Leopold's holism -- Criticisms of the land ethic: facts and values -- Criticisms of the land ethic: holistic ethics -- Callicott's revisions -- Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- Discussion questions -- Global Environmental Ethics Watch -- 9. Radical environmental philosophy: deep ecology and ecofeminism -- Discussion: Environmental activism or ecoterrorism? -- Introduction -- Deep ecology -- The deep ecology platform -- Metaphysical ecology -- From metaphysics to ethics -- Self-realization and biocentric equality -- Criticisms of deep ecology -- Ecofeminism: making connections -- Ecofeminism: recent developments -- Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- Discussion questions -- Global Environmental Ethics Watch -- 10. Environmental justice and social ecology -- Discussion: environmental refugees -- Introduction -- Property rights and libertarian justice -- Justice and fairness -- Environmental justice and environmental racism -- Murray Bookchin's social ecology -- Critical reflections -- Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- Discussion questions -- Global Environmental Ethics Watch -- 11. Pluralism, pragmatism, and sustainability -- Discussion: carbon mitigation and stabilization wedges -- Introduction: agreement and disagreement in environmental ethics -- Moral pluralism and moral monism -- Environmental pragmatism -- Conclusion: sustainability revisited -- Notes -- Global Environmental Ethics Watch -- Glossary -- Index.